Fifty thousand people die of traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States, and over 5 million TBI survivors are left with permanent disabilities. Most TBI victims are young, and many survivors require lifelong services (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999; Langlois et al. 2006). These facts highlight a major public health issue that has broad social as well as clinical implications. This chapter reviews some of the social implications. Areas to be covered are legislation affecting TBI patients, advocacy issues, insurance coverage, employment and vocational rehabilitation services, and litigation. Other important social aspects of TBI prevention and broader legal issues are covered in depth in other chapters in this volume (see Chapter 31, The Family System, Chapter 32, Systems of Care, and Chapter 34, Clinical Legal Issues).