As science and technology have improved with time, so has their application to psychiatry and mental illness. Conditions once believed to be the result of environmental influences are now understood for their biological basis and heritability. As structural and functional neuroimaging and genetics become more entwined in modern medicine, it has become more and more evident that practicing psychiatrists need to understand basic neuroanatomy and its relationship to psychiatric disease. The purpose of this chapter is to serve as a visual refresher. Medical informatics research has found that appropriate use of images and color-coding of information promote assimilation of large amounts of dense, detailed scientific knowledge. Thus, we have integrated colored visual graphics as a means to review neuroanatomical detail. The primary learning venue is thus the figures, with limited text to clarify some details. For more detailed anatomical maps and circuit drawings, the interested reader may refer to the reference list at the end of the chapter.